Exploring Fantom DSLs

Last week, being tired from code like this:
{noformat}
...
if(node is ListType) return selectType(node->valType)
else if(node is TypeDef) return selectTypeDef(node)
else if(node is CType) return selectType(node)
else if(node is SlotRef) return selectSlotRef(node)
else if(node is SlotDef) return selectSlotDef(path)
else if(node is MethodVarRef) return selectMethodVarRef(node)
...
{noformat}
I thought it'd be cool to have multiple dispatch in Fantom. The initial implementation supposed to be quite simple - we have Dispatcher class which looks like this:
{noformat}
const class Dispatcher
{
new make(Func[] funcs := Func[,]) { this.funcs = funcs }

public Dispatcher add(Func f) { Dispatcher(funcs.dup.add(f)) }

**
** Dispatch can accept more args than needed for a func,
** so funcs in this container can have different arity
**
Obj? call(Obj?[] args) {
//dummy approach for now -
//find first function which accepts less than arg count
//arguments with all param types fitting to arg types
(funcs.exclude |f|
{
args.any |arg, i|
{
f.params.size > i &&
!f.params[i].type.fits(arg?.typeof ?: Obj?#)
}
}.first ?: throw ArgErr("No matching functions for args $args")).callList(args)
}
}
{noformat}

Using this, the code above can be written like this:
{noformat}
d := Dispatcher([
#selectType.func,
#selectTypeDef.func,
#selectSlotRef.func,
... ])
d.call([this, node])
{noformat}
Slightly better, but still a lot of boilerplate code. What if we'd use DSLs + Symbols here? Using that, we can write code like this:

{noformat}
class SelectionEngine
{
@Dispatch Void selectTypeDef(TypeDef t)
@Dispatch Void selectType(CType t)
@Dispatch Void selectSlotRef(SlotRef s)
...
Void select(Node node) { Dispatcher<|select|>.call([this, node]) }
}
...
//everything dispatched according to node type,
//unsupported node types immediately give us exceptions
engine.select(node)
...
{noformat}

So, all we need to do is to write simple marker facet:
{noformat}
facet class Dispatch {}
{noformat}

And DSL plugin which will make everything for us - find all methods annotated with {{@Dispatch}} and starting with a given prefix, take functions from them and then pass list of functions to Dispatcher constructor. Sounds fairly easy, but when I started implementing it, I found the first problem - from a [DslPlugin.compile|http://fantom.org/doc/compiler/DslPlugin#compile] we don't know where we are - I mean, we don't know anything about enclosing type or method.

Luckily for me, [DslPlugin|http://fantom.org/doc/compiler/DslPlugin] extends [CompilerSupport|http://fantom.org/doc/compiler/CompilerSupport], which means we have full access to all compilation units and type definitions for them! So we can take [location|http://fantom.org/doc/compiler/Node.html#loc] of our DSL expression, and then by iterating through all compilation units and comparing location, we can find our compilation unit. Using the same way, we can find enclosing type definition.
The rest is simple - iterate through all slots of our type, find all methods with given prefix and facet and construct expression for {{Dispatcher}} creation.

Nice! But wait for a second - this means that new instance of {{Dispatcher}} will be created per each method invocation. That's not exactly what we want. What if we could inject a {{private static const Dispatcher selectDispatcher}}? And yes, we can! So, right inside our DSL plugin, we can write something like this:
{noformat}
fieldName := "${name}Dispatcher"
field := FieldDef.make(loc, parent, fieldName, FConst.Const + FConst.Private + FConst.Storage + FConst.Static)
field.fieldType = ns.resolveType("mdispatch::Dispatcher")
field.init = //Expression to create dispatcher object
type.addSlot(field)
{noformat}

However, there's one more thing we have to do - modify static initializer for our type. Static initializer is a special method generated by compiler and it contains all assignments made to static field definitions:
{noformat}
class Foo
{
static const Str str := "a"
static const Int int := 45

//this method is generated by compiler
private static synthetic Void static$init()
{
str = "a"
int = 45
}
}
{noformat}
At the stage when DSL plugins are called, this static method is already generated (if there are other static fields in this class), so we need to manually find this method and modify it's code (if there are no static fields, we also need to create this method):
{noformat}
staticInit := type.methodDef("static\$init")
//insert statement at the end of the list
staticInit.code.stmts.insert(-1, BinaryExpr.makeAssign(fieldRef(dispField, loc), initExpr).toStmt)
{noformat}

And voila! Everything compiles and runs smoothly now. However it already smells like black magic. Let's go further! ;)