Exploring Fantom DSLs

h3. Brief intro to DSLs
[Fandoc|http://fantom.org/doc/docLang/DSLs.html] says:
{panel:title=DSLs}
DSLs or Domain Specific Languages allow you to embed other languages into your Fantom source code. The syntax for a DSL is:
bq. AnchorType <|...|>
Everything between the <| and |> tokens is considered source code of the DSL itself. The anchor type defines how to the compile the DSL. DslPlugins are registered on the anchor type, and called by the Fantom compiler to translate them into a Fantom expression.
{panel}
Technically speaking, DSLs are presented as DSL expressions, and it's result type is defined by the anchor type, so that
{noformat}
str := Str<|hello, world!|> // str has type Str
foo := Foo<|bar|> // foo has type Foo

a := Node("a")
b := Node("b")
c := Node("c")
d := Node("d")
ab := Edge(a, b)
bc := Edge(b, c)
bd := Edge(b, d)
graph := Graph([a,b,c,d], [ab, bc, bd])
{noformat}
What a lot of code! Let's use some DSL magic:
{noformat}
graph := Graph<|a -> b
b -> c
b -> d|>

{noformat}
The DSL plugin for Graph just parses the code between {{<|}} and {{|>}} (which is accessed via [compiler::DslExpr.src|http://fantom.org/doc/compiler/DslExpr.html#src]) and generates appropriate object creation.

However even such a simple example is quite tricky - to allow our DSL to be used as field initializer, or default parameter value, we need to convert our DSL code to a single expression.

So, before implementing the DSL plugin itself, we need to understand how we can replace our code with a single expression. In this particular example, assuming that {{Node}} and {{Edge}} classes override {{equals}} and {{hash}} correctly, it can be done like this:
{noformat}
Graph(
["a","b","c","d"].map {
Node(it)
},
[
["a","b"],
["b", "c"],
["b", "d"]].map {
Edge(
Node(it.first),
Node(it.last)
)
}
)
{noformat}